What is it?

Casarsa is a system of training and pruning of the vines of mixed type, that is suitable for plants with intermediate fertility of the buds. It 'consists of a cord permanently placed at about 160 cm from the ground where the heads are left in the fruit (production cost) of various lengths to 4-6 buds. The vegetation was up, while the fruits down, below the main cord, in a structure separate from each other.

Features

The farming system is derived from Sylvos Casarsa said that, unlike the first, tying the wire allows the heads to fruition, in free variation Casarsa. The system allows Casarsa a simpler structure than the Sylvos and, therefore, more manageable and less costly. The main features of the system Casarsa affect the height of the stem of the plant, plant density, and the type of pruning of buds. In Casarsa the stem has an average height of 1, 1.5 meters, the plant density is rather low compared to other systems, with an average of 800-1500 vines per hectare. The type of pruning is mixed, the charge is between 100/150 thousand gems. The distance of the plant should be 2.5 - 3 meters between rows and 2 to 2.8 meters on the vine row. With these parameters the plant density of 2000-3000 vines per hectare will be laden with gems that are between 60 and 100 000.

Geographical distribution

The system has spread Casarsa in viticulture in Friuli, while the Sylvoz, is derived from cu, is more commonly used in the Veneto, in the cultivation of the cold-humid plains. The spread of so many diverse farming systems should the need ever more fully to mechanize the operations of pruning, but also those of the harvest, in order to reduce costs of crop management. The Casarsa allowed to realize a significant reduction in operating costs, having regard to the structural simplicity with which the plant is grown. Mechanization has also been used for crop adaptation to the characteristics of the specific territory, but with the passage of time, the needs of mechanization aimed at reducing the workforce have encouraged the spread of the forms in the back of which, in addition to Casarsa, also belong Guyot and cordon. These systems are very easy to handle and work force and to use certain breeding techniques that affect the density of the system, no longer to adapt to the territory, but the system itself.

 Benefits

The farming system allows Casarsa mechanize the pruning and harvesting, and its simple structure and easy to handle, remember, can reduce system management costs. The system also allows excellent exposure to leaf, increasing the plant's photosynthetic capacity and improving the quality of production. Casarsa The system also offers the advantage of replacing the mechanical harvesting operations, including those manuals, to ensure the quality of some particular varieties of wine grapes. Two months before the harvest, you must perform the so-called "green harvest" that allows you to remove, by hand, from the plant, the clusters of poor quality, leaving those in the process of maturation that quality standards are best. The thinning of bunches allows those left to mature with the most flavorful and aromatic juices. The clusters are then left to ripen on the plant for a period longer than normal, so that the grapes dry out or wilt and the juice is more concentrated. The grape harvest is done by hand, in the early morning hours of the coldest. The productions of experimental farms with different farming systems show that Casarsa for some variety and a population density of the system with less than 1800 plants per hectare has allowed a greater number of buds per vine, with 18, 24, 30 , 36 buds on spurs per vine with 3, 4, 5, 6 buds, while in systems such as the GDC, the highest number of buds per plant was between 30 and 32, with a higher density of the system.

Disadvantages

Casarsa The system has only a small disadvantage: the shorter the plant compared to Guyot, upside down or bow. For the rest we can only talk about benefits. The system suits Casarsa forms of espalier simple and limiting the density of the system allows greater control of production and an effective quality improvement.

 Aspects of pruning

The hairstyle is an operation of pruning that allows you to correctly place the branches in order to encourage the uptake of light, better ventilation of the canopy and the consequent reduction of infections Funghini. In Casarsa combing is to remove the buds that will give the grapes, from wire to separate them from those of renewal, that is in vegetative stage. The clear separation between the vegetative and productive group not only facilitates the mechanization of the harvest, but also the treatment plant and the subsequent operations with the system Casarsa topping that can be executed more than once beyond the first week of July to accommodate the vertical vegetation renewal in the case of branches bend down. The topping shall support the collection.