What is it?
La Pergola is a system of training and pruning applied in vineyards, which has many variants, each with specific characteristics that give rise to an equally well-defined cropping systems. Generally this system consists of a series of vertical poles positioned horizontally to support scaffolding (roof) or at an angle. On this framework will set the branches that support the leaders in fruit. The variants are the Pergola: Simple, Double, Trentino, Verona and Romagnola.
Simple Pergola
This system allows the vegetation to take only one side of the wall productive. The definition of Simple, breeding in Pergola, also occurs during pruning, that is run during the winter resting phase of the plant. In Simple Pergola with three heads in fruit, the branches are pruned to two spare gems, the upper branch of the spur is used as a reserve fruiting, at 5 - 6 buds; the top of the branches are completely eliminated. The Simple Pergola is used in hilly or mountainous slopes where high demand rather than a simple structure that make the most sun exposure
Double Pergola
The Double Pergola is vegetating both sides of the wall productive. It is applied mainly in the plain where the spacious sun exposure and do not create obstacles to the processing steps.
Trentina Pergola
The name refers to the geographical area in which this system is used. The pergola is different from simply because it is equipped with head poles, rather robust and strong, a series of wires to support vegetation and intermediate piles to prevent damage to the structure. The Trentina Pergola uses a long pruning that retains, that is, the buds (about 30-40) of medium length. The roof of the plant is generally inclined at 20-30 ° upwards.
Veronese Pergola
The Pergola Veronese differs from the Trentina Pergola because the roof is tilted by 90 ° or at right angles to the ground. If the system is made according to the criteria of vegetating Double Pergola you will create an awning. Pruning in the Pergola Veronese expected to be left by a 4-shoots of 10-15 buds each of which will be positioned horizontally
Romagnola Pergola
La Pergola or Romagnola "Pergoletta" is used to enable the development of vertical shoots of renewal. In pruning leave from 2 to 4 are to be placed horizontally on the branches which grow from 10 to 15 buds each.
Features of the System in Pergola
La Pergola is a system suitable for breeding with fertile soils and good water availability. This farming method was also used in past centuries, but it has evolved into what we have described, created, ie, with different methodologies that are related to the production needs of the territory in which they are applied.That's why we talk often of systems pergolas, because in fact, have more than one. The advantages of pergolas are to achieve a good balance between vegetation and production of the plant and a good exposure to the sun that helps to bring into production. The disadvantages of these methods of farming are often related to high yield does not coincide with the qualitative yield, especially when it is left too many stones.
Parameters and density of the system
The trunk, in the Pergola system, has a height of 1.6 m -1.9 where the fruit to deck the heads with 8-12 buds per vine. Distances in the hilly areas of the plant booby row must be 0.8 meters -1, the distances between the rows must be between 3 and 4 meters. These values doubled in the lowlands, where they use the double pergolas. The density of the plant will be 2400 -5000 vines per hectare, so it's systems for plants with high density. Very high is also the position of gems ranging between 80 and 120 000. This figure has the advantage of high production quality and the risk of not too high.
Parameters in the tree canopy and density
The system also allows you to create double pergola awning systems are one of the main forms of farming on the roof. While the classical pergola is widespread in North Italy, the tents are mainly distributed in areas with good solar radiation such as Puglia, Sicily, Campania and Abruzzo, especially for growing grapes. The system consists of a canopy supported by a vertical stem post, from which the heads start to fruit, placed in an orthogonal to about 2 feet above the ground. These leaders will give rise to the tent to good use. The scaffold is supported by poles protruding about two feet from the ground supporting a series of wires placed at a height of two meters. The density of the plant canopy is about 1100 -2500 vines per hectare. The tent has a charge of high gems, between 70 and 100 000.
