What is it?

The Spindel is a form suitable for breeding little vigorous orchards designed to increase the number of plants per hectare and to reduce the size of the plants, whose height is never more than 3 meters. This parameter is used to facilitate the collection, pruning and plant protection treatments. The Spindel is also called "Fusetti of pear and peach." It boasts the largest circulation in Central and North, especially in Germany where it is used to grow cherry.

 Features

The Spindel has an extremely simple structure: it consists of a central stem, said Aston, of which they are placed side by decreasing length of the spurs from the bottom up. In addition to cherries is also suitable for the cultivation of pears, peaches and apples. The orchard, with this system of farming, goes into production within the first two years, allowing the collection of high quality. Even with the breeding system Spindel is similar for any type of orchard, however, must always adapt to the crop species, its variety and vigor of the plant. The general characteristics of the Spindel is the establishment of a sturdy trellis of poles placed at a distance of 6 meters up to 8, if the system is supported by a cover against hail, with a height of about 3.20 meters above ground, where they are 4-wire support offered to the plants, placed at a distance of 0.50 meters -1. The lower branches are supported by two parallel wires about 80 cm from the ground and at the same distance from each other. The distance between rows can vary from 3 to 3 feet.

Benefits

Spindel, or allowing the breeding of plants generally lower favors pruning, harvesting and plant protection treatments. The plant forms a tidy, well-defined structure that does not require sorting, pruning branches or reconstitution of lowering production costs significantly by management. Other advantages are the fruit of excellent quality and the possibility of increasing the number of plants per hectare that can be as high as 4000/ha.

 Spindel Cherry

Experimental studies and analysis carried out different types of orchards have highlighted the key results of this system tailored to the individual species. Let's see them individually in detail, starting with the Cherry. The ideal plant for the Splindel or Fusetti of Cherry must have a height of 1.80 m -2; presence of at least 4 side branches, but also six or eight, at least 40 cm long, horizontal, placed at a height of 70 and 90 cm. The remote system must be 4.5 meters between rows and 2.5 m on the row. In the parameters may vary depending on the number of trees per hectare. If these parameters are the most decreases the distance of about half a meter.

 Spindel Apple

The breeding or Spindel Fusetti of Melo provides a tree with a height of between 2 to 2.5 meters. With this height, about 80% of the fruits can be harvested from the ground. The distance along the row of trees is 0.80 to 1.2 meters, while the distance between rows is of 2.5-3.5 meters. The distance between rows is always dependent on the type of machinery used. The planting density is 3000-3500 trees per hectare. The Spindel is suitable for plants with roots not particularly vigorous, that requires a structure of support posts in the acacia or cement, on which hang three parallel wires along the row at a height of 60, 120 and 180 cm. This structure serves as a support for the trees to prevent uprooting and as a support for the branches full of fruit.

Spindel Peach

In Fusetti of the Peach aston may be left whole, may also be ripe and branches can also have some vigorosità. In the first two years the support poles of the system is given by a thread. The Spindel in Peach also includes a variant called Pal-Spindel, where the central axis does not exceed 2.70 -3 meters in height.The distance between rows is 4 to 4.5 meters, while the distance on the tree row is of 1,5-2 meters. Especially not too vigorous may be applied without Fusetti permanent branches on the main axis, branches short or replaced by mixed branches.

Pruning  Spindel

The pattern of pruning or Fusetti Spindel in an orchard can be, for example, describe the technique applied to Melo. The first year you are going to remove branches that are too strong and we will select those which are anticipated that will form the basis of the results. In the season when the tree has no vegetative reproduction bend the branches that exceed the distance on the top row and becomes lighter. During the first growing season will proceed to the bending of the branches of the basal part of the plant. The folding operation easier and anticipates fruiting. The operation is facilitated dall'apposizione of two longitudinal wires on the system, one for each side of the row, which will be linked to the curved branches. For this binding using a stapler. The curvature, not too violent, will improve the quality of the fruit for years to come. During the first year assurgenti bend the branches of the central axis to give the plants a cone shape that is typical of the right or Splindel Fusetti. Folds and bends you will have to perform well in subsequent years to advance the production phase