What is it?

The Super Spindle is a variant of the Spindel, the farming of orchards with a long tradition in Germanic countries. This variant has spread to all areas of Europe and America, fruit and adapts to the need to reduce manual labor and mechanization of the harvest. It 'very similar to Spindel, but it is distinguished by the greater density of the plant, which has a greater number of trees per hectare, and a higher sun exposure of the plant aimed at increasing production.

Features

The Super Spindle is also called vertical cordon and is finding wide application for the cultivation of the Pear orchards and other crops of high planting density. The main feature of this system of farming is the short distance along the row of trees (about 40-50 cm) and the equally short distance between rows (2.5, -2.75 m). The plant consists of a vertical axis, and rather short spurs with lamburde that are periodically renewed. The planting density achievable with this system is very high, also allows you to create 13 000 trees per hectare. Precisely because of this characteristic is suitable for all varieties of fruit trees, but only to those with not too vigorous rootstocks. In the past, the Super Spindel Growth Regulators allowed to use the products of a chemical nature, then banned in Italy and abroad. The treatment allows to reduce the vigor of the plant. To be able to get the same result of chemicals, currently you have to resort to radical pruning.

Benefits

The advantages of the Super Spindel, as already mentioned in previous paragraphs, are very high planting density to obtain, the exponential increase in production capacity of the plant, better exposure to the sun and the total control of force and the development of plant itself. The development control is achieved by eliminating too vigorous shoots, which exceed half the diameter of the shaft and controlling the irrigation water and fertilizer after the abolition of chemicals must be of type Growth Regulators organic. Another advantage of this system of farming is the acceleration of the production phase, which favors the low height of the plant. Usually does not exceed 2.30 to 2.50 meters in height.

Disadvantages

The Super Spindle system involves high initial costs of the plant that are not fully compensated by the yield of production. Another disadvantage is the need for livestock use the quince rootstock that allows you to control the vigor of the plant and to induce a rapid fruiting, but has a remarkable sensitivity to iron chlorosis caused by limestone, which in the absence of suitable measures, can be halved profit margins. The prevention of chlorosis can also greatly affect the cost of fertilizers that contribute to making costly initial costs of this farming system. You could, alternatively, use other rootstocks genetically resistant to the disease, but slows put to good use. In this issue are trying to find a solution programs of genetic improvement of crops. Another problem encountered with the vertical cordon, because of the lowness of the trunk and bearing formations generated by this form, is the shift of vegetation to the outside and the simultaneous depletion of vegetative points. To overcome this problem we resort to a technique of pruning.

Pruning Super Spindel

During the winter, preferably before the season, we proceed to a cut called a "pike beak" that protects the quality of in bud. This cut must be done correctly to get two new gems gem less vigorous initial insertion angle and with a trunk wider than the original gem. To promote the opening of the gem, the Super Spindle Vertical or cordon pruning also uses another technique, called the "cut the corporal." This cut above a bud that you begin to hatch. This pruning will also cover some parts of the body that are otherwise devoid of vegetation. The optimal time to perform this pruning is just before the vegetative growth of the second year. In addition to these operations, are also spreading to cut back on the buds of the first year, is at the top of the tree in the lower part of the branches. By cutting the shoots of the upper part, the tree pours its force, creating a 'intense autonomic response. The same response is obtained at the level of branches that fail to grow old and finally run out .. The branches, in the vertical cordon, but it must not be bent to maintain a position which forms an angle of forty degrees with respect to the cord itself.